Space History for February 23

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Race To Space
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... but at what cost?
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1855
Died, Carl Friedrich Gauss, mathematician, astronomer, physicist
ref: en.wikipedia.org

1875
J. Palisa discovered asteroid #143 Adria.

1895
M. Wolf discovered asteroid #399 Persephone.

1901
Born, Ruth Rowland Nichols, aviatrix, holder of more than 35 women's aviation records

Ruth Rowland Nichols (23 February 1901 - 25 September 1960) was born in New York City. Her father, who claimed descent from Leif Ericson, had been one of Teddy Roosevelt's Rough Riders, and her mother was a strict Quaker - a combination which led to a confusing and complicated childhood.

For her high school graduation, her father presented her with an opportunity to ride in a airplane with Eddie Stinson, ace pilot of World War I. She began secretly studying to fly even as she studied at Wellesley College, planning for a career as a physician. Shortly after her graduation from Wellesley, Ruth Nichols became the first woman in the world to earn an international hydroplane license. In 1927, she was one of the first two women to receive a Department of Commerce transport license. She went on from there to fly every type of aircraft developed: She was rated in the dirigible, glider, autogyro, landplane, seaplane, amphibian, monoplanes, biplanes, tri-planes, twin and four engine transports and supersonic jets. Nichols was the first of three women to earn an Air Transport Pilot rating in 1929 and the only woman to hold three different world records simultaneously: women's altitude (28,748 feet), speed (210.5 mph), and non-stop, Oakland to Louisville (19 hrs. 16 min.) between 1931 and 1932.
ref: en.wikipedia.org

1913
F. Kaiser discovered asteroid #742 Edisona.

1920
K. Reinmuth discovered asteroid #928 Hildrun.

1921
The first US transcontinental air mail flight arrived in New York City from San Francisco.
ref: blog.stamplibrary.org

1928
Born, Vasili Lazarev (at Poroshino, Altai Kray, Russian SFSR), Soviet cosmonaut (Soyuz 12, Soyuz 18A (aborted); over 1d 23.5h total time in spaceflight) (deceased)

Vasili Grigoryevich Lazarev (23 February 1928 - 31 December 1990) was a Soviet cosmonaut who flew on Soyuz 12 as well as the abortive Soyuz 18a launch. He was injured by the high acceleration of the abort and landing and was initially denied his spaceflight bonus pay, having to appeal directly to Brezhnev to receive it. Lazarev held a PhD in medicine and was a colonel in the Soviet Air Force. He remained in the space program until failing a physical in 1981. Lzarev died of alcohol poisoning at the age of 62 in Moscow, Russia.
ref: www.spacefacts.de

1936
Y. Vaisala discovered asteroid #2067 Aksnes.

1938
E. Delporte discovered asteroids #1491 Balduinus and #1722 Goffin.

1947
The International Organization for Standardization (ISO) was founded.
ref: en.wikipedia.org

1949
Born, Marc Garneau (at Quebec City, Quebec, Canada), Captain Canadian Navy, CSA astronaut (STS 41G, STS 77, STS 97; nearly 29d 2h total time in spaceflight), CSA President, member Canadian Parliament

CSA astronaut Marc Garneau, STS-97 mission specialist, NASA photo (19 June 2000)
Source: Wikipedia (spaceflight.nasa.gov killed 25 Feb 2021)
ref: www.asc-csa.gc.ca

1959
Born, Clayton Conrad Anderson (at Omaha, Nebraska, USA), NASA astronaut (ISS 15/16, STS 131; nearly 166d 21.25h in spaceflight)

Astronaut Clayton C. Anderson, STS-131 mission specialist, NASA photo (3 Nov. 2009)
Source: Wikipedia (spaceflight.nasa.gov killed 25 Feb 2021)
ref: en.wikipedia.org

1976
Harvard College discovered asteroid #2079 Jacchia.

1984
H. Debehogne discovered asteroid #3519.

1987
A supernova was seen in the Large Magellanic Cloud (Supernova 1987a), the first naked-eye supernova observed since 1604.

Composite image of the Supernova 1987A remnant seen in different wavelengths
Credit: ALMA (ESO/NAOJ/NRAO)/A. Angelich. Visible light: NASA/ESA Hubble, X-Ray: NASA Chandra
ref: en.wikipedia.org

2016
Died, Donald E. Williams (at Henderson, Nevada, USA), Captain USN, NASA astronaut (STS 51D, STS 34; over 11d 23.5h total time in spaceflight)
ref: en.wikipedia.org

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